The advancement of blockchain technology in healthcare has attracted significant attention because it can improve data security, privacy, and interoperability among its users. However, the effectiveness and levels of protection provided by blockchain are significant concerns. This study presents a unique improvement for the blockchain era by replacing SHA-256 with a modified Ascon hash function that incorporates the Chua circuit into its permutation phase. The examination shows significant speed, performance, memory usage, and security improvements. Key findings include faster hash calculations, improved memory usage, an advanced collapse effect that increases resistance to cryptographic attacks, and more robust security through the chaotic behavior of the Chua circuit. These improvements make the modified Ascon hash function a promising candidate for next-generation blockchain systems. A stroke prediction dataset containing 5110 samples and 12 features was used and the goal was to build a model that could predict risks and respond to them in real-time, and a 100% improvement was obtained. Future research should be aware of comprehensive performance testing, comprehensive security analysis, integration with different cryptographic primitives, and adaptation to diverse blockchain architectures. In conclusion, the integration of Chua Circle with the Ascon sharding feature represents a good advancement in blockchain security and performance, paving the way for more efficient and secure blockchain systems.