The origins of cartometric studies date to the late nineteenth century, attributed to Hermann Wagner, who analysed the geometry of two portolan charts and introduced the term cartometric method. Computer-aided tools have significantly advanced in recent decades, facilitating the analysis of extensive quantitative data derived from old maps and charts. The main purpose of this chapter is to highlight some of the most important methodological issues of cartometric analyses, and their applicability and cultural significance that transcends the history of cartography as a discipline because cartometric analyses can be used as forensics instruments for deeper understanding of human history overall. The chapter is crafted to be content- and narrative-wise accessible to a diverse audience and is enhanced with illustrations of various cartometric analyses that explain its merits more clearly and intuitively.