Tribological advances in nanomaterials executed dramatic advancements in biomedical engineering, significantly enhancing the performance and durability of medical implants, prosthetics, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Nanostructures like carbon nanotubes and graphene represent carbon-based materials that, along with metallic nanoparticles and polymer nanocomposites, reduce wear and friction through boundary lubrication and minimize wear particle generation. Innovative bioinspired systems, such as self-lubricating hydrogels mimicking cartilage, highlight the potential to replicate superior wear resistance and lubrication of natural tissues. Advanced surface engineering and nanoscale additives in biofluids enhance biocompatibility but face challenges like cytotoxicity and scalability. This chapter examines the role of nanomaterials in improving friction, wear, and lubrication in medical applications, addressing issues of biocompatibility and production scalability. It highlights the potential of nanomaterials to enhance biomedical devices like orthopedic implants and tissue engineering scaffolds by integrating tribology and nanopharmacology for a safer and more effective solution.