Nanomaterial-based sensors are radically changing real-time monitoring technologies in biomedical applications. Offering higher sensitivity, selectivity, and fast response time compared to traditional sensors, these sensors have great potential for detecting various biomarkers and continuous health monitoring. Nanomaterials such as graphene, fullerenes, and metal oxide nanoparticles play an important role in disease diagnosis, monitoring of treatment processes, and personalized medicine applications by improving the performance of biosensors. These sensors, which are used primarily in detecting blood sugar, cancer markers, infection indicators, and biomolecules associated with neurodegenerative diseases, increase patient comfort by offering non-invasive and minimally invasive methods. Nanomaterial-based sensors, which can be integrated into wearable and portable devices, provide revolutionary innovations in the healthcare sector by expanding the possibilities of remote health monitoring and early diagnosis.