Unity3D is a cross platform visualization development tool with powerful features, simple interface, and portability. Through advanced game engine technology, it can achieve rich functions such as game development, 3D visualization, and real-time animation. The virtual simulation experimental system is built on a network platform, which easily achieves network sharing and breaks through the limitations of real experimental platform space, achieving perfect sharing of learning resources and environment. This article is based on the Unity3D engine to design a virtual simulation experiment system, providing a complete solution for system development. The main research content includes four aspects: firstly, the core composition of Unity3D engine, with a focus on researching editors and components; The second is the component-based design of virtual instruments, including ECS architecture model, virtual component display, and virtual instrument function encapsulation; Thirdly, research on key technologies, including 3D modeling, creating user interfaces, and image rendering; Finally, system testing was studied, a testing environment was established, and functional and performance tests were conducted.