The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of yeast processing effluent in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) reactor. Yeast-processing wastewater was obtained from a local yeast manufacturing plant and characterised. A laboratory-scale UASB reactor was used for the treatment of the effluent. Physicochemical measurements for total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were made. COD was analysed using the closed reflux colorimetric method. The analysis of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the effluent from the UASB anaerobic digester was done using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Trace metal ion concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES). The COD reduction varied from 32.67% at 40 °C to 19.12% at thermophilic temperature of 50°C during treatment of the industrial effluent. For the UASB-treated effluent, the concentration of phosphate varied from a high level of 26.14 mg/L to the lowest value of 0.841 mg/L. Biogas production peaked at 31 cm3/day at 45 °C. The major acidogenesis products identified using UHPLC in this research were acetate and propionate. No lead was detected and zinc removal was erratic. In conclusion, temperature affected the anaerobic treatment of yeast-processing effluent. However, post-treatment of anaerobically treated effluent is recommended.