Sustainable industrialisation in agro-processing is essential for transforming raw agricultural products into high-value goods while minimising environmental impact and enhancing economic viability. For most African economies, this holds promise, as in many currently industrialised economies, agro-processing has served as an entry point for industrialisation. The major strengths of many African countries include the availability of arable land, access to water, favourable climatic conditions and a youthful labour force that enables the cultivation and production of numerous agricultural commodities. This implies that Africa has the potential to support a robust agro-processing industry, as its outputs can be sold to other sectors as intermediate inputs for value addition. However, currently, value addition remains weak, and agricultural products are sold in domestic or international markets mostly as unprocessed commodities. Therefore, agro-processing in Africa remains underexploited and offers numerous opportunities for industrialisation. This paper explores the principles of sustainable industrialisation within the agro-processing sector, emphasising its challenges, strategies, technological innovations and their impacts on environmental and economic sustainability.