Polymers like alginate, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, and starch are utilized in various drug delivery systems considering their safety, biocompatibility, and low cost. Natural polymers—which are made up of macromolecules joined by covalent bonds—are essential, but their compatibility and rate of degradation must be taken into consideration in drug delivery systems. Natural polymers are present in both plants and animals. Natural and synthetic polymers are adaptable macromolecules that find application in a variety of domains, including food items, drug delivery systems, and health sciences, where they are utilized for site-specific targeting and controlled drug release. Drug distribution is limited by the acid sensitivity of natural polymers. For increased utility, biopolymers like chitosan have undergone chemical modification. A critical component of nanomedicines is the study of nanostructured biomaterials. Natural polymers encounter a variety of difficulties in nanomedicine, including complicated structures, immunogenic characteristics, variance in purity, and degradation. Enhancing their effectiveness can be achieved by comprehending these features and limiting immune response. Natural polymers, known for their unique antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and potential to enhance patient outcomes, are attractive low-cost sources for biomedical and clinical applications. Plant-derived polymers are used in pharmaceutical formulations because of their easy administration without surgery and biodegradable qualities. Examples of these polymers are natural polysaccharides including xanthan gum, alginate, and starch. The practical and configuration features of polymers have been improved by technological developments, opening the door for the creation of polymers and natural monomers as sustainable substitutes for medication delivery.