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Organic waste, being the largest in terms of composition and generation, is one of the main problems in waste management in the municipal waste stream. Composting can be a proper method to reduce organic waste generation and provide benefits in the form of compost products. However, municipal waste consists of various compositions including hazardous waste, which may contain heavy metals. Therefore, an analysis of health risks in using compost from municipal waste is important. This study aims to analyze the risks of cancer and non-cancer in using organic waste compost sourced from municipal waste in the following urban Kampungs: Cimone and Markisa, Karawaci, Tangerang; Gedong Pompa Penjaringan, North Jakarta; Cikini Kramat, Menteng, Central Jakarta. This research uses a risk assessment method by applying the Monte Carlo analysis on organic waste samples that are contaminated with heavy metals of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb. Kampung Cimone and Markisa each have 0.57 kg/person/day and 0.62 kg/person/day of waste generation, while Gedong Pompa and Cikini Kramat each have 0.68 kg/person/day and 0.74 kg/person/day of waste generation. In Kampong Cimone, Pb of 1.79 mg/kg was detected, and in Markisa, Pb of 2.61 mg/kg and Hg of 5.85 mg/kg were detected, while in Gedong Pompa 1.37 mg/kg of As and 4.49 mg/kg of Pb were detected, and in Cikini Kramat 0.46 mg/kg of Hg was detected. Out of 10,000 cases in Kampong Cimone and Markisa, medium-cancer risks (89.84% and 93.57%) and high non-cancer risks (0.18%, 0.47%, and 99.38%) were obtained. While out of 10,000 cases in Gedong Pompa, the following data were obtained: a high-cancer risk for As (66.68%) and a medium-cancer risk for Pb (59.63%); low non-cancer risks for As (68.78%) and Pb (94.6%). Meanwhile, a high non-cancer risk for Hg (74.39%) was obtained in Cikini Kramat. For the two kampongs in rural settlements, composting can be applied only in Cimone using 16.88% of the generated organic waste, with a potential reduction of waste generation up to 1.54%. For urban settlements, composting can be applied only in Cikini Kramat using 4.56% of the generated organic waste, with a reduction of waste generation up to 8.96%.

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Health Risk Analysis in Urban Kampungs Applying Compost from Organic Waste

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Gabriel Andari Kristanto,
  • M. Adhiraga Pratama,
  • Ihsan Ramadhan,
  • Rusyda Maheswara

摘要

Organic waste, being the largest in terms of composition and generation, is one of the main problems in waste management in the municipal waste stream. Composting can be a proper method to reduce organic waste generation and provide benefits in the form of compost products. However, municipal waste consists of various compositions including hazardous waste, which may contain heavy metals. Therefore, an analysis of health risks in using compost from municipal waste is important. This study aims to analyze the risks of cancer and non-cancer in using organic waste compost sourced from municipal waste in the following urban Kampungs: Cimone and Markisa, Karawaci, Tangerang; Gedong Pompa Penjaringan, North Jakarta; Cikini Kramat, Menteng, Central Jakarta. This research uses a risk assessment method by applying the Monte Carlo analysis on organic waste samples that are contaminated with heavy metals of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb. Kampung Cimone and Markisa each have 0.57 kg/person/day and 0.62 kg/person/day of waste generation, while Gedong Pompa and Cikini Kramat each have 0.68 kg/person/day and 0.74 kg/person/day of waste generation. In Kampong Cimone, Pb of 1.79 mg/kg was detected, and in Markisa, Pb of 2.61 mg/kg and Hg of 5.85 mg/kg were detected, while in Gedong Pompa 1.37 mg/kg of As and 4.49 mg/kg of Pb were detected, and in Cikini Kramat 0.46 mg/kg of Hg was detected. Out of 10,000 cases in Kampong Cimone and Markisa, medium-cancer risks (89.84% and 93.57%) and high non-cancer risks (0.18%, 0.47%, and 99.38%) were obtained. While out of 10,000 cases in Gedong Pompa, the following data were obtained: a high-cancer risk for As (66.68%) and a medium-cancer risk for Pb (59.63%); low non-cancer risks for As (68.78%) and Pb (94.6%). Meanwhile, a high non-cancer risk for Hg (74.39%) was obtained in Cikini Kramat. For the two kampongs in rural settlements, composting can be applied only in Cimone using 16.88% of the generated organic waste, with a potential reduction of waste generation up to 1.54%. For urban settlements, composting can be applied only in Cikini Kramat using 4.56% of the generated organic waste, with a reduction of waste generation up to 8.96%.