Pain, an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience due to actual or potential tissue damage, is subjective and influenced by multiple factors, which makes management challenging. The majority of patients experience moderate to severe pain after surgery, and inadequate pain management often leads to delirium, delayed recovery, and chronic pain. Effective pain management requires a spectrum of multimodal approaches, including systemic pharmacological therapies, local infiltration techniques, neuraxial & regional analgesia, and non-pharmacological methods like acupuncture or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Multimodal regimens combining different classes are often recommended to maximize efficacy and reduce the risks of opioid use and other adverse effects. However, each modality operates through different mechanisms along the pain pathway. This chapter addresses the different modalities’ distinct uses, side effects, and potential complications.