The space-based gravitational wave detector will open a new frequency window ranging from 0.1mHz−1Hz, which is difficult to access from the ground-based detectors, promising to provide crucial information for studying fundamental physics related to astrophysics and early universe processes. However, gravitational wave signals are extremely weak, and any noise during the detection process can potentially overwhelm these signals. Therefore, suppressing noise is key to the successful detection of gravitational waves. Currently, laser frequency noise and clock jitter noise are approximately seven and three orders of magnitude larger in intensity than that of typical gravitational waves, respectively. These two major noise sources cannot be directly overcome by experimental techniques within the short term due to the physical limitations of the instruments. Therefore, it is necessary to employ the Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) technique in data pre-processing, which involves delaying and recombining data stream, to suppress these noises. This paper will introduce methods for obtaining various TDI combinations, including algebraic methods for solving indeterminate equations and geometric methods for symbolic search. Based on the multiple TDI types, we will analyze the technique of constructing independent measurement data to reduce clock noise using clock sideband comparison. Finally, we will present the sensitivity functions for different types of TDI combinations, which are used to assess the sensitivity limits of the TDI combinations.

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Time Delay Interferometry in Space-Based Gravitational Wave Detection

  • Pan-Pan Wang,
  • Cheng-Gang Shao

摘要

The space-based gravitational wave detector will open a new frequency window ranging from 0.1mHz−1Hz, which is difficult to access from the ground-based detectors, promising to provide crucial information for studying fundamental physics related to astrophysics and early universe processes. However, gravitational wave signals are extremely weak, and any noise during the detection process can potentially overwhelm these signals. Therefore, suppressing noise is key to the successful detection of gravitational waves. Currently, laser frequency noise and clock jitter noise are approximately seven and three orders of magnitude larger in intensity than that of typical gravitational waves, respectively. These two major noise sources cannot be directly overcome by experimental techniques within the short term due to the physical limitations of the instruments. Therefore, it is necessary to employ the Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) technique in data pre-processing, which involves delaying and recombining data stream, to suppress these noises. This paper will introduce methods for obtaining various TDI combinations, including algebraic methods for solving indeterminate equations and geometric methods for symbolic search. Based on the multiple TDI types, we will analyze the technique of constructing independent measurement data to reduce clock noise using clock sideband comparison. Finally, we will present the sensitivity functions for different types of TDI combinations, which are used to assess the sensitivity limits of the TDI combinations.