Subsurface Lithological Contact Delineation by Using Geophysical Techniques
摘要
Foundation assessment for any dam requires geological, geotechnical investigations, drilling, drifting, trenches, laboratory and field investigations to evaluate the properties of subsurface formations. The geophysical investigations help in subsurface lithological characterisation and can be used to optimize the drill holes and helps to plan the direct investigations. Further, the integrated geophysical approach can be used to delineate the contact between various lithologies and presence of any solution cavities/weak zones. Moreover geophysical techniques are advantageous, as large area can be covered economically in less time. The present study was conducted using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and Seismic Refraction tomography (SRT) (geophysical) methods to investigate the subsurface. The geology of (study) area contains lithounits of Infra Krol formation, are predominantly bleached shale, stained slates and quartzite and dolomite of Lower Krol formation and pink shale/slate of the Middle Krol formation. Combination of ERT and SRT would provide subsurface features such as geologic contacts, faults, cavities and depth of bedrock based on contrast in physical properties like resistivity and P-wave velocity. Based on the resistivity sections obtained from ERT and velocity sections arrived from SRT, the geological materials were characterized. The resistivity sections do not indicate presence of any cavities in dolomite rock. The study results successfully delineated the lithological contacts based on the contrast in the properties. The details of field procedure adopted, results of geophysical investigations correlated with drill hole logs will be discussed in detail in this paper.