Liquefaction induced ground failures during seismic events causes significant threats to infrastructure and public safety. Understanding the dynamic behavior of sandy soils under earthquake loading is crucial for risk assessment and mitigation strategies. The study is conducted under cyclic simple shear equipment on Yamuna sand containing non-plastic fines. This study investigates the liquefaction potential of Yamuna sand for large strain (0.01–10%), which occurs in strong motion earthquake. The equipment has advantage over other test in simulating the exact field conditions and continuous rotation of principal stress. This working principal allows for a more realistic representation of the dynamic forces experienced by sandy soils during seismic events. Key parameters considered in this study include the initial vertical effective stresses (σ’v0 = 100 kPa) and the cyclic loading conditions, which include loading frequencies (f = 0.5 Hz) and loading amplitude (± 2 mm). Physical properties of Yamuna sand are also determined and presented in this paper (i.e., specific gravity, Gs; uniformity coefficient, Cu; coefficient of curvature, Cc; and mean grain size, D50). The primary objective of the work is to study the dynamic response of Yamuna sand deposit, under different relative density conditions (30, 50 and 70%). Based on the laboratory tests, Shear modulus (G), Damping ratio (D) and Pore water pressure ratio at number of cycles (N) required for liquefaction was determined. By considering varying densities, the study focuses on the impact of soil compaction on the number of cycles for liquefaction. From the study it is observed that excess pore pressure ratio, ru decreases with increase in density. Decrease in shear modulus is an important indicator for stiffness degradation. Shear modulus of loose sample (Dr = 30%) decreases rapidly with increasing strain cycles, whereas, in dense sand a much slower reductions was observed. Laboratory test results indicate that relative density has a great influence on liquefaction resistance, as well as dynamic parameters of soil.