Seismic microzonation is a process of assessing seismic hazards at a local scale by identifying and analysing areas prone to amplified ground shaking during earthquakes due to variations in soil properties, topography, and geological features. In this paper, an overview of various methodologies for seismic hazard zonation is discussed initially. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the range of methodologies presently employed in creating seismic hazard maps and to assess the fundamental principles of zonation applicable to diverse objectives and scales. Subsequently, the required input data for seismic microzonation is discussed. Seismic regulations should integrate guidelines and recommendations for seismic microzonation. Seismic microzonation aids in mitigating various earthquake-related losses, including those stemming from liquefaction and landslides. By providing detailed assessment of seismic hazards, it helps civil engineers and urban planners in safer residential and infrastructural developments and also facilitates effective land use management. Furthermore, it facilitates the design and construction of individual buildings resistant to earthquakes in areas prone to seismic activity.