Nanotechnology has transformed several scientific domains, including plant genetic engineering. Here we explore the role of nanotechnology in advancing plant genetic engineering, specifically focusing on the use of nanoparticles as a gene delivery vehicle. We examine several nanoparticle forms, such as organic, inorganic, and carbon-based nanoparticles, and the special qualities that render them appropriate for gene delivery applications. Conventional direct and indirect gene delivery techniques have drawbacks, such as low transformation efficiency, insertion of multiple gene copies, tissue damage, and limited target plant species. On the other hand, nanoparticles are flexible and effective substitutes for gene delivery in plants. We address the benefits of gene transfer using nanoparticles over traditional approaches, which emphasizes how different types of nanoparticles can overcome the limitations of conventional methods. We present a thorough review of nanoparticles’ function in gene transport into plants. The chapter highlights the significance of target-specific gene transport, particularly delivery into mitochondria and chloroplasts, to achieve precise genetic alterations. We also discussed the synthesis, surface modification, and mechanisms of action of the different kinds of nanoparticles, like mesoporous, magnetic, and gold nanoparticles, utilized in gene delivery. The benefits and drawbacks of each kind of nanoparticle are covered in detail in this chapter. The chapter emphasizes how nanoparticles can improve gene delivery’s effectiveness and specificity, hastening the creation of genetically modified plants with desired characteristics. This chapter offers a thorough and perceptive examination of how nanotechnology may enhance plant genetic engineering.