Conventional agricultural techniques must be reassessed to tackle the issues of diminishing groundwater, unprecedented climate changes, soil nutrient depletion, and disrupted ecosystem cycles. These issues significantly diminish crop productivity and quality, directly jeopardizing the food supplies required to satisfy the increasing demands of the expanding global population. Soilless cultivation (hydroponics and aeroponics) integrated with nanotechnology may offer an innovative approach and a more sustainable, profitable alternative to conventional agricultural techniques. Nanomaterials (NMs) such as nano-fertilizers, nano-elicitors, nano-pesticides, and nano-coatings have attracted the interest of researchers due to their distinctive properties, including their specificity and reactivity, which render them potential molecules in the agriculture and food production sector. Green nanotechnology for nanoparticle (NPs) synthesis with plant extracts is beneficial due to its simplicity, convenience, environmental safety, and reduced reaction time. NPs synthesized in environmentally sustainable ways may improve crop nutrient uptake and bioavailability, reduce abiotic stress, boost crop productivity, and promote plant health. By combining soilless cultivation and nanotechnology, plants’ quality, purity, and production rate can be enhanced while utilizing limited resources. The increasing worldwide demand for high-quality food and products mandates the implementation of a collaborative strategy, which can lead to resilient agricultural systems, guarantee food availability, and promote environmental sustainability. This book chapter examines the integration of nanotechnology with hydro-aeroponics, focusing on the application of NPs in plant growth and development.