The chapter examines the evolution of ancient Chinese administrative systems and regional divisions, focusing on the interplay between politics and geography during the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. In the Xia and Shang periods, early forms of the feudal system emerged, with the Shang state divided into the Inner Domain under direct royal control and the Outer Domain governed by feudal lords. The Western Zhou period fully implemented the feudal system, strategically enfeoffing kin and meritorious officials to expand control. This system delegated land and people to lords in exchange for loyalty and service, with the distribution of Ji-surnamed and non-Ji-surnamed states reflecting political and geographical considerations. However, the prolonged use of the feudal system sowed seeds of decline, as internal forces weakened the Zhou kings’ authority and strengthened feudal lords. The Qin dynasty’s commandery-county systemCommandery-county system introduced a two-tier structure controlled by the central government, enhancing centralization and influencing future administrative management. The evolution of administrative divisionsAdministrative division reflects political needs and the exploration of effective governance models. The shift from the feudal system to the commandery-county systemCommandery-county system marks a transition from decentralization to centralization, highlighting the dynamic interaction between power allocation and local governance.