Nanotechnology: A New Era in Agriculture Nanotechnology is an emerging technology that is revolutionizing crop production and ensuring sustainability in agriculture. Nanotechnology-based smart delivery systems for fertilizers and pesticides: review article nano-fertilizers, developed through advanced nanotechnology, offer refined nutrient release and plant-directed application, leading to reduced chemical leaching into the ground and deteriorating soil. In a like manner, nano-pesticides provide precision targeting of pests, thereby minimization of application dosage and reduction in impact on non-target species. So these two methods (Genetic Engineering and soil microbiota) toward more sustainable agricultural practices while enhancing the crop yield, at lower input costs and lesser ecological impact. However, some potential risks (e.g., toxicity of nanoparticles; regulation) need to be carefully investigated. Here, we detail recent advances made in increasing oil yield along with the environmental and economic impact.