Jute fiber concrete is a building material with potential environmental protection and technical advantages that has attracted widespread attention in recent years. This study aims to explore the performance characteristics, production methods, application fields and future development directions of jute fiber concrete. First of all, jute fiber is lightweight, high-strength, and wear-resistant, making it an ideal fiber material. Adding jute fiber to concrete can improve its toughness, crack resistance and tensile strength, while helping to reduce the weight of the concrete and improve construction efficiency. In addition, jute fiber is biodegradable and environmentally friendly, which meets the requirements of sustainable development. Therefore, jute fiber concrete has broad application prospects in construction, highways, bridges and other fields. This study mainly adds jute fibers of different lengths and alkali-treated jute fibers to concrete, and compares them with ordinary concrete to study the differences in mechanical properties and toughness. From the research results, it was found that in addition to the obvious increase in the splitting strength and toughness of jute fiber concrete, its bond strength increased slightly; but the compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus increased with the length of fiber. In addition, the mechanical properties of 1 cm jute fiber after alkali treatment are greatly enhanced compared to the untreated fiber, and its compressive strength and bond strength are the best, while the concrete with 2 cm fiber after alkali treatment has better toughness and resistance. The bending strength and bond strength are slightly increased.