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This study examines the fabrication method and different characteristics of fused filaments created for 3D printing applications. The filaments were produced by mechanically blending secondary (2°) recycled polylactic acid (PLA) with almond skin (AS) as the reinforcement. AS, an industrial by product known for its high hardness, strength, and thermal stability, was used to enhance properties of PLA matrix. The fused filaments have been manufactured using different twin screw extrusion (TSE) parameters—specifically load, temperature, torque to evaluate their mechanical and rheological properties. Results showed that AS reinforcement improved the melt flow rate (MFR) of the fused filament compared to 2°PLA. However, increasing the %age of reinforcement beyond a certain level led to a decrease in MFR. Additionally, the study explored the mechanical properties of filaments reinforced with 6%wt. AS, finding that a load of 10 kg, an extrusion temperature of 175 °C, and a torque of 0.3 Nm produced the optimal results for break elongation (5.2%).

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Mechanical Assisted Blending of Secondary Recycled PLA with Almond Skin for Fused Filament Fabrication

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ravi Kumar,
  • Kapil Chawla,
  • Jaspreet Singh

摘要

This study examines the fabrication method and different characteristics of fused filaments created for 3D printing applications. The filaments were produced by mechanically blending secondary (2°) recycled polylactic acid (PLA) with almond skin (AS) as the reinforcement. AS, an industrial by product known for its high hardness, strength, and thermal stability, was used to enhance properties of PLA matrix. The fused filaments have been manufactured using different twin screw extrusion (TSE) parameters—specifically load, temperature, torque to evaluate their mechanical and rheological properties. Results showed that AS reinforcement improved the melt flow rate (MFR) of the fused filament compared to 2°PLA. However, increasing the %age of reinforcement beyond a certain level led to a decrease in MFR. Additionally, the study explored the mechanical properties of filaments reinforced with 6%wt. AS, finding that a load of 10 kg, an extrusion temperature of 175 °C, and a torque of 0.3 Nm produced the optimal results for break elongation (5.2%).