The utilization of biocatalytic systems based on lignin in wastewater treatment and bioremediation has emerged as a promising approach to address challenges associated with pollutant removal and water purification. Immobilization of biocatalysts generally offers enhanced stability, reusability, and efficiency compared to free enzymes. Due to that immobilized biocatalysts represent a viable option for various treatment processes. The choice of support material is pivotal. It significantly influences the properties of the resulting biocatalytic system. A wide array of support materials, including inorganic, organic, hybrid, and composite materials, can be utilized to create stable and efficient platforms for biocatalysts. This book chapter provides an overview of the application of enzymes, such as laccases and peroxidases, immobilized on lignin-based matrices in wastewater treatment. It focuses on their role in degrading organic pollutants, such as dyes, phenols, and pharmaceuticals, and explores the design and usage of lignin-based matrices in adsorption-maintained processes for removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from water bodies. Various approaches in the design of lignin materials are discussed, highlighting their impact on enzyme performance and system effectiveness. Furthermore, recent advancements and challenges in the field of development of functional polymers from biorenewable sources, such as lignin and lignocellulosic biomass, are addressed, along with potential future directions for research and application. Overall, the use of biorenewable polymers holds a great promise for advancing wastewater treatment technologies, offering environmentally friendly and sustainable solutions for water remediation.