Low-Cost Current Amplifier Design for Electromagnetic Coil System for Microswimmers Actuation—A Simulation Study
摘要
Microswimming has become an intriguing field of research in the last two decades due to its potential for biomedical applications like targeted drug delivery, micromanipulation, and in situ sensing. Among the different forms of actuation, magnetic actuation is a popular one due to its biocompatibility and high penetration depth in a non-transparent medium. The magnetic actuation is generally done by magnetic fields generated by electromagnetic coils. For generating appreciable magnitude of the field, either we should have a bulky coil winding (large number of turns) or use a high current amplifier. The former approach has the heating issue and the latter one is very costly. In this paper, through a simulation study, we proposed a low-cost current amplifier design by modification of the commercially available audio amplifier module: operational amplifier 541 (OPA541) amplifier module. Through detailed analysis of the role of different stages and components of the amplifier circuit, we carried out the alteration of the original circuit, to get the desired amplified signal suitable to use for magnetic actuation system. Considering the current research requirements for magnetic microswimmer actuation, the modified circuit can generate a proper sinusoidal signal of current of the order of \(1.6 \text{A}\) in the frequency range of 1–100 Hz. While advanced programmable signal generators offer this capability, their intricate design and cost pose barriers to widespread adoption within scientific communities, including commercial amplifiers.