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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely employed in 4G LTE and 5G NR. The OFDM communication system possesses outstanding advantages such as excellent resistance to multipath fading, simple channel estimation and equalization, easy implementation of receiver hardware, and tight coupling with MIMO technology. However, OFDM also exhibits some inherent drawbacks, such as high adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), weak inter carrier interference (ICI) performance, and high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). These drawbacks can be mitigated through various engineering methods, allowing OFDM to continue its use in both 4G and 5G protocols. Nonetheless, this also presents some challenges and costs, such as low spectrum utilization, stringent synchronization requirements, and excessive feedback overhead. Faced with the increasingly demanding technical requirements of 6G, traditional OFDM waveform appear inadequate. Therefore, it is imperative to explore new waveform for 6G, in the hope of finding a highly flexible, spectrum-efficient, and unified waveform for both uplink and downlink, in order to better meet the demands of future ultra-high-speed, large-scale connectivity, and high-speed mobile scenarios.

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Orthogonal Time–Frequency Space Modulation

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Guangyi Liu,
  • Fei Qin,
  • Jianhua Zhang,
  • Chengjun Sun,
  • Jianjun Wu,
  • Xiangyang Duan,
  • Liyu Cai,
  • Shaohui Sun,
  • Ning Yang

摘要

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely employed in 4G LTE and 5G NR. The OFDM communication system possesses outstanding advantages such as excellent resistance to multipath fading, simple channel estimation and equalization, easy implementation of receiver hardware, and tight coupling with MIMO technology. However, OFDM also exhibits some inherent drawbacks, such as high adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), weak inter carrier interference (ICI) performance, and high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). These drawbacks can be mitigated through various engineering methods, allowing OFDM to continue its use in both 4G and 5G protocols. Nonetheless, this also presents some challenges and costs, such as low spectrum utilization, stringent synchronization requirements, and excessive feedback overhead. Faced with the increasingly demanding technical requirements of 6G, traditional OFDM waveform appear inadequate. Therefore, it is imperative to explore new waveform for 6G, in the hope of finding a highly flexible, spectrum-efficient, and unified waveform for both uplink and downlink, in order to better meet the demands of future ultra-high-speed, large-scale connectivity, and high-speed mobile scenarios.