Predicting and quantifying surface runoff is the most fundamental challenge of hydrology. It is determined by a variety of factors such as rainfall duration and intensity, soil type, land use, land cover, and slope. Sustainable water resources management plans depend upon the rainfall, runoff and land use–land cover changes. This water should be controlled to deter property loss. The current research identifies regions that are vulnerable to land use and land cover in the Greater Visakha Municipal Corporation, Zone-X and Zone-XI. The data pertaining for this study is collected from Indian Meteorological Department, Visakhapatnam. The data is synthesized and analyzed for the purpose of knowing the years which are having surplus and deficit rainfall than the annual average rainfall. Using SCS CN method, rational method and TRRL methods runoff for the catchment is calculated. Contour maps and drainage patterns generated by Arc GIS version 10.2.2 are used to acquire elevations and flow patterns. The changes in land use and land cover of study area are identified using the Google images for the period of 2004–2019. Using these images the newly constructed places are identified and also the loss of transient storage capacity of storm water has been identified. The measured exhaustion is expected in the research areas and is estimated to be inundated with rainfall of 23 cm per day and runoff of 1.21 m, Adarsh Nagar, Chandra Nagar, Sheela Nagar, and Visakhapatnam Airport, but safe for a rainfall of 7 cm for a period of 4 h and a runoff of 0.36 m. For minimizing runoff and also to increase transient storing capability, infiltration basins and porous pavements are suggested.