This chapter provides the theoretical foundation for analyzing urban governance and citizen satisfaction by integrating key public administration theories and governance models. It contrasts Traditional Public Administration (TPA), emphasizing hierarchical structures, with New Public Management (NPM), which promotes efficiency and performance. Governance Network Theory is also explored, focusing on stakeholder collaboration. Key models include Decentralized Governance, which enhances local responsiveness; Co-Production, encouraging citizen participation; and Social Accountability, using tools like Citizen Report Cards (CRCs) for transparency. Citizen satisfaction is assessed through CRCs, the Public Service Motivation (PSM) Model, and the SERVQUAL Model, which measure service quality based on citizen feedback. The service quality equation helps identify service delivery gaps, though its applicability varies by context. The chapter emphasizes the need to adapt these frameworks to Bangladesh’s governance realities. It also highlights determinants of satisfaction such as accessibility, reliability, and responsiveness, and defines essential urban services like water supply, waste management, street lighting, and birth registration.