Wormhole attacks pose significant threats to data integrity and confidentiality in network security. These impacts can have serious implications for businesses, government agencies, and individuals, making it imperative to address this issue. Existing solutions often do not incorporate self-healing capabilities. This study thoroughly explores wormhole attacks, focusing on their methodologies, detection techniques, and mitigation strategies. Various types of wormhole attacks are examined, including their classifications and the tactics malicious actors use to exploit network vulnerabilities. The effectiveness of detection methods and mitigation strategies are evaluated through an extensive review of existing research. Additionally, it highlights the superior performance of the AOMDV protocol over AODV and DSR in mitigating the attacks using the NS2 network simulator and discusses potential modifications for further investigation and advancement. By synthesizing insights from diverse perspectives, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of wormhole attacks and contribute to ongoing efforts to enhance network security resilience.