Cattle farming plays a crucial role in global food production, but monitoring the health of large herds poses significant challenges. Traditional manual inspections are inefficient, reactive, and prone to error, highlighting the need for scalable, automated health monitoring systems. This paper introduces a smart cattle health monitoring system that utilizes the Internet of Things technology and machine learning algorithms to provide real-time health tracking. The system used proposed wearable devices equipped with ESP32 microcontrollers and sensors to monitor cattle’s vital parameters, such as body temperature and heart rate. Data collected from the devices is transmitted to a local XAMPP server and analysed by an edge-computing device, Jetson Nano, which processes the data using supervised and unsupervised machine learning models for anomaly detection. If health anomalies are detected, the system sends real-time alerts to farmers, allowing for timely intervention. The system’s design focuses on local processing for low-latency performance, scalability for large herds, and robust security measures. This project demonstrates the potential of IoT-based livestock health monitoring systems to enhance productivity, improve animal welfare, and reduce economic losses due to illness.