The evaporative cooling (EC) is a very cheapest technology, which has been in use since ancient times for reducing the temperature of the system. In India, the temperature reaches 40–45 °C during summer, and the rainfall is incredible during monsoon days. Evaporative cooling is more reliable in semi-arid and arid climate regions. Lower and middle-class people use evaporative coolers. The energy consumption by evaporative cooling is less than that of the vapor compression-based cooling. The evaporative cooling system can also be run from solar power. This paper discusses the fundamentals and types of evaporative cooling system, working principle, factors affecting evaporative cooling, climate regions in India, temperature profile in India, rainfall in India, types of cooling pad material, evaporative cooler ranges/capacity in India, modern technical advancements, and applications, challenges, and opportunities for Indian Scenario.