The global economy and population growth require constant food, water, and energy to meet its demands. This high demand has led to consumable water shortage, and also insufficient energy supply. To meet these demands, water remediation and alternate energy will become focal points in the near future. Microalgae are autotrophic microorganisms and are highly sought after for bioremediation. Microalgae-assisted wastewater treatment involves the utilization of the abundant nutrients present in the wastewater along with light to produce algal biomass. The oxygen released as a by-product of the photosynthetic process helps other aerobic microorganisms to assimilate the wastewater components to release more CO₂ and other products that are, in turn, assimilated by algae. Microalgae also aids in the bioremediation of many undesirable metals and toxins in the wastewater. Thus, microalgal biomass can be used as feedstock for biofuel production due to its high lipid content and rapid growth rates. The adoption of microalgal-assisted wastewater treatment is both economical and sustainable. However, the prime concern of this approach is the retrieval of biomass from the treated water attributed to its small size and further extracting lipids from the biomass for biofuel production.