In the last decades, medicine has begun integrating with computational sciences to address a variety of clinical challenges. Gamification is a technological approach to rehabilitation that uses games or game-like elements to encourage patient participation and engagement in performing movements. The goal of this promising rehabilitation tool is to promote functional gains and to facilitate recovery from clinical conditions that have impaired mobility, coordination, balance, or other physical functions. This chapter aims at addressing motivation and adherence, definitions, the use of gamification in the context of neurological, musculoskeletal, and endocrine-metabolic disorders, as well as in other conditions that may benefit from physical rehabilitation. Finally, we propose a taxonomy for gamification in rehabilitation settings. The various gamification strategies studied so far seem to be safe and effective, besides fostering motivation. Gamified strategies have been increasingly integrated into physical rehabilitation programs and have shown promising results in patients with various conditions from different age groups. There has been a marked increase in the adoption of such technology, which facilitates home-based rehabilitation programs. However, it is crucial to adopt game design approaches aligned with therapeutic goals, to elicit the physical and cognitive behaviors required for effective rehabilitation. The enhancement of communication and collaboration between therapists and game designers should be a continuous priority, to make gamification increasingly precise and promising within clinical settings. Future research directions should use a systematic design of intervention protocols that strategically align specific domains and dimensions of the proposed taxonomy with therapeutic objectives, and clinical contexts. Strategies must address long-term sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and scalability, while elucidating how distinct mechanisms translate gamified experiences into measurable rehabilitation outcomes.