Sustainable Perovskite Multiferroic Materials: An Introduction
摘要
Multiferroic materials exhibit ferroelectric, ferromagnetic (or antiferromagnetic), and ferroelastic properties simultaneously in a single phase. These materials are very rare in nature. It becomes even rarer when we try to search for multiferroic materials in perovskite-structured materials. These multifunctional materials are represented by the general formula ABO3. Perovskite systems, due to their structural flexibility, allow multiple ferroic orders to develop in their environment. This structural adaptability enables the perovskite materials to produce magnetoelectric coupling in the system. The magnetoelectric coupling is a phenomenon where electric and magnetic order parameters could influence one another. These multiferroic materials with strong magnetoelectric coupling could open a gateway for novel functionalities such as controlling magnetism via electric field or vice versa. These materials also offer promising applications in next-generation spintronic devices, including sensors, memory storage, and energy-efficient information processing systems. There are a few perovskite multiferroic materials known to scientific society, such as BiFeO3, YMnO3, TbMnO3, GdMnO3, and a few more. In this chapter, I will introduce some of these perovskite multiferroic materials and will provide an in-depth view of these systems.