This chapter analyzes education policy on Chinese teacher supplies from a perspective of policy arguments and the role of teacher in contemporary China serving as the foundation of contemporary Chinese education. Policies aimed at promoting Chinese teacher supplies play a fundamental role in bringing up a high-quality and professional teacher workforce characterized by noble ethics, refined professional skills, balanced structure, and dynamic vitality. This chapter examines the education policy development on Chinese teacher supplies from a specific lens of policy argument, which is applied to explore the education policy related to Chinese teacher supplies in contemporary China. The policy claim, policy-relevant information and warrant all contribute to exploring the policy arguments about examining the status quo of Chinese teacher supplies contextually. Additionally, the chapter offers relevant policy recommendations and implications, providing insights into potential strategies for strengthening the teacher workforce in China.