Brucella suis, pathogen of swine brucellosis, specifically biovars 1 and 3, is prevalent in various regions worldwide with a significant zoonotic risk in humans. B. suis exhibits genomic diversity and its pathogenicity is attributed to mechanisms such as evasion of innate and adaptive immune responses. The bacterium’s ability to modulate host immune pathways contributes to its virulence and persistence within host cells. Brucellosis manifests with manifestations like pyrexia, weakness, ortholegia, and softness of tissue and can be transmitted through various routes including ingestion, inhalation, and contact with infected animals or their products. Diagnosis relies primarily on serological testing due to the limitations of bacterial isolation. However, serological assays may yield false-positive results, necessitating confirmation through molecular methods like PCR. Currently, there are no commercially available vaccines for B. suis in pigs in India. Control measures primarily focus on herd depopulation, approaches to develop effective vaccines, and therapeutic options for managing swine brucellosis. This chapter will provide an overall understanding of the complex interplay between the bacterium, host immune responses, and diagnostic methods essential for effectively controlling and preventing swine brucellosis and its zoonotic implications.