This chapter explores the resource allocation of quality education policy in China. From the abolition of the imperial examination system in 1905 to the present, the shadow of the imperial examination system can still be seen everywhere in modern Chinese education: test-oriented, grade-based, and the failure of the majority in exchange for the success of the few. This practice has led to a series of problems in education. In recent years, especially in 1985, the Decision on the Reform of the Education System promulgated by the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee proposed that the task of basic education is to “improve the quality of the nation,” which is followed by the Resolution on the Guidelines for the Construction of Socialist Spiritual Civilization; the Compulsory Education Law and its implementation rules; the Circular on Reforming and Strengthening Moral Education in Primary and Secondary Schools around 1988.