Inclusiveness is the indicator of the government and its institutions’ participation in support of human development for all categories of people. Obtaining higher education and scientific activities are spheres that were hardly accessible to people with special needs in countries of Central Asia in the past. At the current stage of development, countries of this region are oriented towards international integration in all spheres, including the provision of inclusiveness of the national system of science and higher education. In this paper, we dwell on the relationships between an increase in the inclusiveness of the system of science and higher education and the macroeconomic implications and prospects for their changes in the selected Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan). In this paper, we substantiate the influence of the measures on the creation of the conditions of inclusiveness in the studied spheres on the factual and prospective state of the selected macroeconomic results, which include employment of the population, GDP, and GDP per capita. We revealed that a further increase in inclusiveness in these spheres will allow ensuring technological growth and will raise the level of foreign investments.