The research examines the concept of consciousness from a materialistic and idealistic position and clarifies the essence of the concept of moral consciousness. The authors give a brief overview of the problem of forming moral consciousness of schoolchildren. The authors describe the influence of the humanities and natural sciences on the development of students’ consciousness, the role of pedagogical science in developing consciousness, the features of the development of consciousness, the formation of a sequence of moral behavior, and the characteristics of morality. The authors also describe the problems of pedagogy and school practice in forming moral consciousness. To develop the collective consciousness, it is necessary to develop and change personal consciousness first. Education should not be limited to the school; the whole world should become a platform for educating students. Children must go beyond the school and visit museums, fields, workshops, gardens, libraries, etc. Children need to live, not sit idle. Educational lessons should be practice-oriented and lively. Real events taken from life should be given during lessons, around which all knowledge is gathered.