ALPPS is hailed as a breakthrough and innovative procedure in hepatobiliary surgery in the twenty-first century. It combines the essence of portal vein embolization and conventional two-staged liver resection, enabling the increase of FLR in a short period. The procedure was unintentionally created in 2007 by Professor Hans J. Schlitt in Regensburg, Germany. When he operated on a patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, the bile duct branches of the right three lobes of the liver were invaded, where extended right hemihepatectomy and left lateral hepatic lobe cholangiojejunostomy were needed. However, since the patient’s left lateral lobe was too small to tolerate such an operation, an unconventional surgery was performed in which liver parenchyma was separated along the falciform ligament, and the right branch of the portal vein was ligated. On the CT scan 8 days after the operation, it was surprising to find that the patient’s left lateral lobe was significantly enlarged. Subsequently, an extended right hemihepatectomy was successfully performed, which was also named “in situ splitting (ISS) liver resection” [1]. In 2012, a study including 25 patients from 5 centers in Germany with primary liver tumors preoperatively appeared to be marginally resectable but had a tumor-free left lateral lobe was performed with a two-staged hepatectomy was published in Annals of Surgery. After a median waiting period of 9 days (range = 5–28 days), the volume of the left lateral lobe had increased to 536 mL (range = 273–881 mL), representing a median volume increase of 74% (range = 21–192%) [2]. In the same year, Pierre-Alain Clavien, editor-in-chief of Annals of Surgery, and Argentinian Professor Eduardo de Santibanes officially named this procedure as associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) [3].