With the evolution of the times and the rapid development of technology, the construction industry, as a pillar of China’s economy, is facing the challenge of innovating its production methods. Traditional construction techniques and methods can no longer meet the rapidly developing needs of social productivity. Information technology, industrialization, digitalization, and intelligence have become the distinct features of this era. Smart construction sites, as a key platform for the deep integration of informatization and intelligence in the construction industry, are gradually becoming an irreversible trend in promoting the continuous progress of the construction industry. This study first employed the literature review method to systematically collect and analyze policy documents related to the development of smart construction sites, identifying the core elements affecting their development. Subsequently, through questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis, industry experts were invited to scientifically evaluate these preliminary identified factors and supplement them with their work experience to ensure a more comprehensive and accurate collection of influencing factors. Building on this foundation, the study utilized the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to categorize these influencing factors hierarchically, to better understand and analyze their structural relationships and mutual influences. Ultimately, the study identified five primary indicators: personnel, economy, environment, technology, and equipment. Finally, combining actual cases of smart construction sites, the study applied the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assign weights to each indicator and rank their degree of influence, providing theoretical support for the development of smart construction sites.