This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of mammography, beginning with its historical development and progressing into detailed technical and clinical aspects. A foundational understanding of breast anatomy is discussed to understand the basics of mammographic imaging. The section on mammography equipment explains into each component's function, including the X-ray tube (with specific attention to the cathode, anode, and heel effect), tube housing, filters, compression devices, and image receptors. Both analog (film-based) and digital mammography systems are discussed, alongside automatic exposure control mechanisms that ensure consistent image quality. A dedicated section addresses Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT), outlining its operational principles, clinical advantages, and inherent limitations. The role of DBT in enhancing breast cancer detection and its integration into routine practice is critically evaluated. Then the chapter discusses extensively on quality control (QC) protocols essential for maintaining diagnostic accuracy and patient safety. This includes detailed descriptions of QC tests specific to 2D digital mammography and DBT, such as phantom testing, spatial and Z-resolution assessments, glandular dose evaluation, and monitor/display performance checks. The responsibilities of technologists, radiologists, and facility staff in ensuring ongoing QC compliance are also discussed. By unifying equipment knowledge, image acquisition principles, and rigorous QC standards, this chapter equips readers with a holistic understanding of mammography practices essential to modern breast imaging.