A path planning model for UAV is constructed, and the chaotic differential golden sine crayfish optimization algorithm (CDGCOA) is proposed. During the initial phase of the algorithm, the chaotic mapping technique is applied to guarantee an even dispersal of individual positions within the crayfish population, thus enhancing the likelihood of achieving a globally optimal solution. During the search process, differential mutation aids in the prevention of early convergence. Additionally, the golden sine strategy increases the algorithm’s capacity to navigate away from local minima. Simulations have confirmed that this enhanced algorithm offers exceptional optimization performance and stability, making it a workable option for planning UAV navigation routes.