Intelligent transport systems are essential to modern industry and infrastructure of national economies (Song et al. in IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 24(5):4738–4757, 2023; Jiao et al. in IEEE Intell Transp Syst Mag 1–12, 2024). Over time, performance degradation in these systems can lead to equipment failures, potentially causing major safety incidents and substantial economic losses. Bearings, as key components of intelligent transport systems, are prone to failures, accounting for 30–40% of total failures (Wang et al. in Sci Rep 14:5206, 2024). The condition of the bearings significantly affects the operational efficiency and capacity of these systems, with severe faults potentially threatening system safety. Therefore, conducting research on bearing fault diagnosis is crucial for the timely and accurate detection of potential safety hazards in operation (Peng et al. in IEEE Trans Ind Inf 20:13047–13057, 2024; Zhang et al. in IEEE Trans Neural Networks Learn Syst 35:6231–6242, 2024). This research is essential for ensuring the safe functioning of intelligent transport equipment, preventing major accidents, scheduling maintenance appropriately, and reducing unplanned downtime. The theoretical and practical of this research hold significant value in engineering applications.