As to which kinds of animals have meta self-awareness, thoughts vary widely depending on researchers. The mainstream thought, we believe, is that only humans, the only creatures that have language, have meta self-awareness. Meanwhile, some researchers acknowledge that those dolphins and great apes that are capable of metacognition have meta self-awareness. For Prof. Gallup, animals that are capable of MSR, which are capable of metacognition of “one’s own information,” have meta self-awareness, too. By that logic, cleaner wrasse, too, have meta self-awareness, but no one will officially accept that theory. In the first half of this chapter, we would like to think further on meta self-awareness that we touched on in Chap. 6 . In the latter half, we would like to revisit and reconsider the "common basis" of Ethology and Radical Behaviorism in light of the first half.