Oil security is the core and concentrated expression of energy security. The global oil geopolitical market pattern has gradually transitioned from a unipolar system initially dominated by the United States and OPEC to a bipolar system in which OPEC and independent oil-producing countries, such as Russia, confront each other. The “shale revolution” that erupted in 2009 stopped the decline and encouraged the rebound of United States oil production, opening the way for the international oil supply system to transition from a bipolar system to a “Saudi-Russia-US” tripolar system. This chapter focuses on the evolution of the energy strategies of OPEC, Russia, and the United States and presents an analysis and anticipation of the global energy landscape under the tri-polar system of oil supply. Finally, it presents a quantitative analysis conducted on the trade patterns of traditional energy sources, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal worldwide, comprehensively reviewing the current trade patterns and development trends at both the global and national levels and providing optimized strategies for future cooperation layout.