Climate change has caused global food insecurity owing to extreme weather conditions, desertification, water shortages, and soil degradation. In Mongolia, global warming and the rapid increase in livestock numbers from 23 to 66 million over the past 28 years have led to severe overgrazing and degradation of Mongolian grasslands. This degradation worsens during harsh winters, causing frequent grass shortages that make it challenging for nomadic herders to sustain their livelihoods, and exacerbates poverty and other environmental issues. To address grassland degradation and maintain livestock health, efforts are being made to restore ecosystems and revitalize the livestock industry by utilizing native Mongolian plants through molecular biology, breeding, pharmacology, and sustainable agricultural methods. Although annual plants are effective for short-term recovery, maintaining the long-term health of grasslands and livestock requires the sowing of perennial plants, high-yield forage grasses, and the intercropping of high-performance plants. The ultimate goal is to distribute seeds and cultivation systems across grasslands, restore nomadic lifestyles, and contribute to Mongolia’s societal development. The project comprises three interrelated themes, each led by experts, and focuses on selecting and analyzing forage grasses to sustainably improve plant productivity, exploring forage grasses that enhance livestock functions, support nomadic herders, and overcome grassland degradation.