Meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges continues to be a critical global issue with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable populations such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Meningitis is considered to be a significant public health concern. The chapter provides insight into current literature on meningitis, majorly focusing on its diagnosis which plays a significant role in the management of this fatal disease. Due to various limitations in conventional methods of diagnosis, advances in molecular diagnostics have begun to address those problems, offering a scope to combat the serious consequences offered by this disease. The future of next-generation sequencing in meningitis diagnosis is promising. However, challenges persist, particularly in areas with limited healthcare access. Continued public health efforts and research are crucial to reduce the global burden of meningitis and to improve patient prognosis. This chapter aims at understanding the conventional diagnosis approaches for meningitis with the limitations and emergence of molecular methods for a better diagnosis, as well as roadblocks in their implementation.