The fungus Bipolaris oryzae is the causal agent of rice brown spot (RBS) disease, which poses a serious threat to rice production globally and can have negative effects on yield and the economy. With an emphasis on sustainable and integrated methods to successfully reduce disease risks, this chapter offers a thorough introduction to brown spot disease management. After emphasizing the significance of rice as a staple crop and the frequency of brown spot disease in the introduction, the chapter delves into the morphology, molecular characteristics, and worldwide spread of the causative agent. The parts that follow include a variety of topics related to disease detection, such as visual examination, laboratory methods, remote sensing technologies, and newly developed fields like artificial intelligence and machine learning. The chapter also covers host resistance breeding, chemical control, biological control, cultural practices, and disease epidemiology. It also covers integrated disease management strategies. Lastly, the chapter discusses issues including new strains, environmental deterioration, and socioeconomic inequality. It ends with suggestions for efficient disease treatment and a plea for interdisciplinary cooperation and creativity. The overall goal of this chapter is to support resilient and sustainable rice production systems across the globe by offering a thorough manual for researchers, extension agents, legislators, and farmers engaged in RBS disease control.