Biportal Endoscopic Discectomy for Foraminal and Extraforaminal Disc Herniation
摘要
Lumbar foraminal or extraforaminal disc herniation (FDH) comprises 7–12% of all lumbar disc herniations [1, 2]. FDH entails the compression of the nerve root in the intervertebral foramen and impacts its extraforaminal trajectory. Patients with FDH present with intense radicular pain, often surpassing the severity of other forms of lumbar herniation, such as mild low back pain. This distinctive feature arises from the direct irritation and compression of the nerve root and its dorsal root ganglion, which exhibits heightened sensitivity to pain within a narrow intervertebral foramen [3]. Surgical intervention commonly involves a midline or paramedian approach with partial or total laminectomy to access the lesion. While this approach is familiar to many spine surgeons, it may result in spinal instability, frequently necessitating additional fixation, even in minimally invasive procedures. The posterolateral approach, such as Watkins’ method or Wiltse’s paraspinal sacrospinalis-splitting approach, serves to minimize spinal instability [4, 5]. Nonetheless, decompression of the root requires the removal of a substantial portion of the isthmus, thereby increasing the risk of fracture.