In addition to fostering economic cooperation and development, the BRICS nations aim at promoting peace and security in the Global South. South Africa (as an influential country and the only member of BRICS in the SADC region) plays an important role in the peace and security practices of the region in this regard. Between 2016 and 2017, an insurgent group known as ASWJ emerged in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique’s most northern province, and the SADC Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) was established as a regional military response to this phenomenon. South Africa is currently playing an instrumental role in SAMIM both militarily and financially. Against this backdrop, this chapter explores the context within which South Africa’s participation to SAMIM is taking place. The context is characterised by the following inter-related political and economic circumstances: (a) South Africa’s long tradition of a non-military counterinsurgency approach; (b) South Africa’s long history of terrorist-related incidents within the country; (c) a record of terrorist threats against South Africa from international terror groups such as ISIS; and (d) a weakened South African national defence force as a result of serious budgetary constraints resulting in reduced capabilities. Given these conditions, South Africa’s participation in SAMIM is problematic. Therefore, through exploring these circumstances, we problematise South Africa’s role in SAMIM—among other challenges, South Africa’s relative lack of experience in counterinsurgency, coupled with the apparent lack of resources, is evident. This study paves the way for future studies that would seek to evaluate the effects of South Africa’s military intervention in Mozambique.