Urbanization, population expansion, changes in consumption patterns and advancements in industrial processes have resulted in a drastic increase in the amount of industrial effluent being generated. The composition of effluents changes significantly based on the specific industrial processes, raw materials employed, and the nature of pollutants generated. Emerging pollutants in wastewater refer to contaminants that have recently been found in wastewater effluents and have potential health and environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a growing need for advanced technologies for the treatment of these emerging pollutants and protect human health and ecosystems. Nanomaterials offer various applications in wastewater treatment. Large surface area, reactivity, and selectivity of nanomaterials make them outstanding candidates for wastewater treatment. Further, the cost-effectiveness of the nanomaterials makes them an economically viable solution. In this article, we have discussed the recent reports in emerging pollutants removal with the help of nanomaterials. The studies focus on the remediation of five classes of emerging pollutants: industrial chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds (drugs and antibiotics), endocrine disruptors and hormones and steroids. Further, the advantages offered by the advanced nanomaterials over traditional methods have also been discussed. The challenges and the future prospectives in this direction have also been highlighted.