Near-infrared (NIR) imaging has emerged as an important tool in lung cancer surgical navigation, offering intraoperative visualization across several critical domains. It enhances the detection and precise localization of small pulmonary nodules, including ground-glass opacities (GGOs), which often evade conventional imaging due to their subtle appearance and lack of surface prominence. By enabling accurate resection with minimal damage to adjacent tissue, NIR imaging improves surgical precision. Additionally, it facilitates real-time visualization of pulmonary metastases, supporting more complete tumor clearance and potentially lowering recurrence risk. NIR imaging also contributes to nerve preservation by delineating neural structures near tumors, thereby optimizing postoperative functional outcomes. Overall, its integration improves the safety, accuracy, and effectiveness of lung cancer surgery.